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Symptoms in Adults
When the lungs are affected by mycobacteria, the symptoms of the disease closely resemble those of other illnesses, making timely diagnosis challenging. Primary Tuberculosis Symptoms in Adults:
- General malaise
- Decreased work capacity, fatigue
- Increased sweating
- Loss of appetite and, consequently, weight loss
- Enlarged lymph nodes
- Low-grade fever
- Low mood, apathy
Respiratory symptoms of primary pulmonary tuberculosis in adults include:
- Cough
- Presence of blood in sputum
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain that worsens with coughing
If complications develop, additional symptoms may appear, such as light sensitivity, nausea, lower back pain, and vision impairment. Failure to address the early signs of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults may lead to:
- Respiratory and heart failure
- Pleurisy
- Pneumothorax
- Pulmonary hemorrhage
- Spread of mycobacteria to other organs
Early Signs of Tuberculosis
The inflammatory process in the lungs caused by mycobacteria often mimics other illnesses and can only be confidently identified by an experienced medical professional. Symptoms vary based on the patient’s age and individual characteristics. The early signs of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults include:
- Loss of appetite
- Sleep disturbances
- Persistent low-grade fever
- General deterioration in well-being
- Excessive night sweating
- Dry cough that worsens in the morning and evening
- Sputum with blood streaks.
Causes
Tuberculosis symptoms in adults appear only after Koch’s bacillus begins to actively multiply in the body. Notably, nearly all people are potential carriers of this bacterium. However, certain factors significantly increase the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis, which presents with pronounced symptoms in adults. Risk Factors:
- Insufficient intake of vitamins and essential nutrients
- Hypothermia
- Close contact with a person infected with tuberculosis
- Drug use
- Severe chronic inflammatory diseases
- Excessive physical exertion
- Nervous strain
The infection is primarily transmitted through airborne droplets – spread via tiny particles of sputum or saliva from a person with an active form of tuberculosis. Additionally, infection can occur through the use of contaminated dishes, linens, or personal hygiene items. The pathogen may also enter the body through certain food products, such as infected meat. If tuberculosis symptoms in adults are ignored—especially before pregnancy—there is a risk of transmission from mother to fetus.
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