The Most Common Thyroid Disorders in Georgia

Endocrinology

Subclinical hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder in Georgia.

The prevalence of thyroid conditions is significant, with each presenting unique characteristics. 

Thyroid disorders can be categorized by structural or functional changes in the gland.

Hypothyroidism: A condition where thyroid function is suppressed. Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid gland.  Euthyroid goiter: Despite structural changes, the gland functions normally. Types of Goiter:

• Endemic Goiter: Enlargement caused by iodine deficiency, common in regions where iodine levels are low in water, soil, and food.
• Diffuse Goiter: A uniformly enlarged thyroid, which often requires no treatment if hormonal levels are normal.
• Nodular Goiter: Thyroid enlargement due to nodules. A nodule is a formation that can be either benign or malignant.
• Diffuse Toxic Goiter (Graves’ Disease): An enlarged thyroid with excessive hormone production.

– What are the most common thyroid diseases in our country?

Based on statistics from 2016–2017, the most frequently diagnosed thyroid conditions were: Subclinical hypothyroidism, other forms of hypothyroidism, Thyroiditis, Thyrotoxicosis.

– What are the main symptoms of thyroid disease, what should patients pay attention to?

Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders
Symptoms vary depending on whether thyroid function is excessive or insufficient.

Patents with hyperthyroidism show:

• Emotional instability, increased anxiety, change of character,
• Excessive sweating
• Rapid heartbeat resistant to medication
• Hand tremors
• Frequent bowel movements
• Weight loss

Decreased thyroid function is associated with:

• Fatigue and lethargy
• Sleepiness
• Weight gain
• Hair loss
• Brittle nails
• Dry skin
• Constipation
• Emotional instability
• Slow heart rate
• Low blood pressure

– How is thyroid disease diagnosed?

For diagnosing thyroid diseases, the following are important:

• Patient complaints
• Ultrasound data of the thyroid gland, such as shape, size, echogenicity, number of nodules, and monitoring changes over time.
• The functional state of the thyroid gland, levels of various hormones and antibodies in the blood.
• Targeted fine needle aspiration of the nodules and cytological examination of the obtained material.
• Thyroid scanning, which assesses the functional activity of the glandular tissue, is crucial for differential diagnosis when thyroid hormone levels are low.

– What do you recommend to patients for the prevention of thyroid diseases?

First of all, I would like to emphasize that the most important factor for successful treatment is timely diagnosis, which can be achieved through preventive check-ups. Early detection of malignant thyroid tumors is critical, as surgical treatment can often address the condition effectively at its early stages. Screening is recommended for women aged 25–70.

Do not delay seeking medical care. Consult a doctor promptly if symptoms arise, attend regular check-ups, and prevent potential complications.

Wishing you good health!